goose: use marker functions instead of comments

To avoid making this CL too large, I did not migrate the existing goose
comments through the repository.  This will be addressed in a subsequent
CL.

Reviewed-by: Tuo Shan <shantuo@google.com>

README.md

@@ -13,34 +13,27 @@ might have hand-written.
 ### Defining Providers
 
 The primary mechanism in goose is the **provider**: a function that can
-produce a value, annotated with the special `goose:provide` directive. These
-functions are otherwise ordinary Go code.
+produce a value. These functions are ordinary Go code.
 
 ```go
 package foobarbaz
 
 type Foo int
 
-// goose:provide
-
 // ProvideFoo returns a Foo.
 func ProvideFoo() Foo {
 	return 42
 }
 ```
 
-Providers are always part of a **provider set**: if there is no provider set
-named on the `//goose:provide` line, then the provider is added to the provider
-set with the same name as the function (`ProvideFoo`, in this case).
-
 Providers can specify dependencies with parameters:
 
 ```go
 package foobarbaz
 
-type Bar int
+// ...
 
-// goose:provide SuperSet
+type Bar int
 
 // ProvideBar returns a Bar: a negative Foo.
 func ProvideBar(foo Foo) Bar {
@@ -58,9 +51,9 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 )
 
-type Baz int
+// ...
 
-// goose:provide SuperSet
+type Baz int
 
 // ProvideBaz returns a value if Bar is not zero.
 func ProvideBaz(ctx context.Context, bar Bar) (Baz, error) {
@@ -71,23 +64,36 @@ func ProvideBaz(ctx context.Context, bar Bar) (Baz, error) {
 }
 ```
 
-Provider sets can import other provider sets.  To add the `ProvideFoo` set to
-`SuperSet`:
+Providers can be grouped in **provider sets**.  To add these providers to a new
+set called `SuperSet`, use the `goose.NewSet` function:
 
 ```go
-// goose:import SuperSet ProvideFoo
+package foobarbaz
+
+import (
+	// ...
+	"codename/goose"
+)
+
+// ...
+
+var SuperSet = goose.NewSet(ProvideFoo, ProvideBar, ProvideBaz)
 ```
 
-You can also import provider sets in another package, provided that you have a
-Go import for the package:
+You can also add other provider sets into a provider set.
 
 ```go
-// goose:import SuperSet "example.com/some/other/pkg".OtherSet
-```
+package foobarbaz
 
-A provider set reference is an optional import qualifier (either a package name
-or a quoted import path, as seen above) ending with a dot, followed by the
-provider set name.
+import (
+	// ...
+	"example.com/some/other/pkg"
+)
+
+// ...
+
+var MegaSet = goose.NewSet(SuperSet, pkg.OtherSet)
+```
 
 ### Injectors
 
@@ -95,32 +101,34 @@ An application wires up these providers with an **injector**: a function that
 calls providers in dependency order. With goose, you write the injector's
 signature, then goose generates the function's body.
 
-An injector is declared by writing a function declaration without a body in a
-file guarded by a `gooseinject` build tag. Let's say that the above providers
-were defined in a package called `example.com/foobarbaz`. The following would
-declare an injector to obtain a `Baz`:
+An injector is declared by writing a function declaration whose body is a call
+to `panic()` with a call to `goose.Use` as its argument. Let's say that the
+above providers were defined in a package called `example.com/foobarbaz`. The
+following would declare an injector to obtain a `Baz`:
 
 ```go
 // +build gooseinject
 
+// ^ build tag makes sure the stub is not built in the final build
+
 package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"codename/goose"
 	"example.com/foobarbaz"
 )
 
-// goose:use foobarbaz.SuperSet
-
-func initializeApp(ctx context.Context) (foobarbaz.Baz, error)
+func initializeApp(ctx context.Context) (foobarbaz.Baz, error) {
+	panic(goose.Use(foobarbaz.MegaSet))
+}
 ```
 
 Like providers, injectors can be parameterized on inputs (which then get sent to
-providers) and can return errors. Each `goose:use` directive specifies a
-provider set to use in the injection. An injector can have one or more
-`goose:use` directives. `goose:use` directives use the same syntax as
-`goose:import` to reference provider sets.
+providers) and can return errors. Arguments to `goose.Use` are the same as
+`goose.NewSet`: they form a provider set. This is the provider set that gets
+used during code generation for that injector.
 
 You can generate the injector by invoking goose in the package directory:
 
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ func initializeApp(ctx context.Context) (foobarbaz.Baz, error) {
 ```
 
 As you can see, the output is very close to what a developer would write
-themselves. Further, there is no dependency on goose at runtime: all of the
+themselves. Further, there is little dependency on goose at runtime: all of the
 written code is just normal Go code, and can be used without goose.
 
 [`go generate`]: https://blog.golang.org/generate
@@ -228,19 +236,21 @@ func (b *Bar) Foo() string {
 	return string(*b)
 }
 
-//goose:provide BarFooer
-func provideBar() *Bar {
+func ProvideBar() *Bar {
 	b := new(Bar)
 	*b = "Hello, World!"
 	return b
 }
 
-//goose:bind BarFooer Fooer *Bar
+var BarFooer = goose.NewSet(
+	ProvideBar,
+	goose.Bind(Fooer(nil), (*Bar)(nil)))
 ```
 
-The syntax is provider set name, interface type, and finally the concrete type.
-An interface binding does not necessarily need to have a provider in the same
-set that provides the concrete type.
+The first argument to `goose.Bind` is a nil value for the interface type and the
+second argument is a zero value of the concrete type. An interface binding does
+not necessarily need to have a provider in the same set that provides the
+concrete type.
 
 [type identity]: https://golang.org/ref/spec#Type_identity
 [return concrete types]: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments#interfaces
@@ -256,32 +266,31 @@ following providers:
 type Foo int
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Foo
-
-func provideFoo() Foo {
+func ProvideFoo() Foo {
 	// ...
 }
 
-//goose:provide Bar
-
-func provideBar() Bar {
+func ProvideBar() Bar {
 	// ...
 }
 
-//goose:provide
-
 type FooBar struct {
 	Foo Foo
 	Bar Bar
 }
+
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	ProvideFoo,
+	ProvideBar,
+	FooBar{})
 ```
 
 A generated injector for `FooBar` would look like this:
 
 ```go
 func injectFooBar() FooBar {
-	foo := provideFoo()
-	bar := provideBar()
+	foo := ProvideFoo()
+	bar := ProvideBar()
 	fooBar := FooBar{
 		Foo: foo,
 		Bar: bar,
@@ -300,8 +309,6 @@ this to either return an aggregated cleanup function to the caller or to clean
 up the resource if a later provider returns an error.
 
 ```go
-//goose:provide
-
 func provideFile(log Logger, path Path) (*os.File, func(), error) {
 	f, err := os.Open(string(path))
 	if err != nil {

cmd/goose/main.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"codename/goose/internal/goose"
@@ -71,9 +72,9 @@ func generate(pkg string) error {
 
 // show runs the show subcommand.
 //
-// Given one or more packages, show will find all the declared provider
-// sets and print what other provider sets it imports and what outputs
-// it can produce, given possible inputs.
+// Given one or more packages, show will find all the provider sets
+// declared as top-level variables and print what other provider sets it
+// imports and what outputs it can produce, given possible inputs.
 func show(pkgs ...string) error {
 	wd, err := os.Getwd()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -89,11 +90,12 @@ func show(pkgs ...string) error {
 	}
 	sort.Slice(keys, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if keys[i].ImportPath == keys[j].ImportPath {
-			return keys[i].Name < keys[j].Name
+			return keys[i].VarName < keys[j].VarName
 		}
 		return keys[i].ImportPath < keys[j].ImportPath
 	})
 	// ANSI color codes.
+	// TODO(light): Possibly use github.com/fatih/color?
 	const (
 		reset   = "\x1b[0m"
 		redBold = "\x1b[0;1;31m"
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ func show(pkgs ...string) error {
 				switch v := v.(type) {
 				case *goose.Provider:
 					out[types.TypeString(t, nil)] = v.Pos
-				case goose.IfaceBinding:
+				case *goose.IfaceBinding:
 					out[types.TypeString(t, nil)] = v.Pos
 				default:
 					panic("unreachable")
@@ -134,19 +136,19 @@ func show(pkgs ...string) error {
 type outGroup struct {
 	name    string
 	inputs  *typeutil.Map // values are not important
-	outputs *typeutil.Map // values are either *goose.Provider or goose.IfaceBinding
+	outputs *typeutil.Map // values are either *goose.Provider or *goose.IfaceBinding
 }
 
 // gather flattens a provider set into outputs grouped by the inputs
 // required to create them. As it flattens the provider set, it records
-// the visited provider sets as imports.
+// the visited named provider sets as imports.
 func gather(info *goose.Info, key goose.ProviderSetID) (_ []outGroup, imports map[string]struct{}) {
 	hash := typeutil.MakeHasher()
 	// Map types to providers and bindings.
 	pm := new(typeutil.Map)
 	pm.SetHasher(hash)
-	next := []goose.ProviderSetID{key}
-	visited := make(map[goose.ProviderSetID]struct{})
+	next := []*goose.ProviderSet{info.Sets[key]}
+	visited := make(map[*goose.ProviderSet]struct{})
 	imports = make(map[string]struct{})
 	for len(next) > 0 {
 		curr := next[len(next)-1]
@@ -155,18 +157,17 @@ func gather(info *goose.Info, key goose.ProviderSetID) (_ []outGroup, imports ma
 			continue
 		}
 		visited[curr] = struct{}{}
-		if curr != key {
-			imports[curr.String()] = struct{}{}
+		if curr.Name != "" && !(curr.PkgPath == key.ImportPath && curr.Name == key.VarName) {
+			imports[formatProviderSetName(curr.PkgPath, curr.Name)] = struct{}{}
 		}
-		set := info.All[curr]
-		for _, p := range set.Providers {
+		for _, p := range curr.Providers {
 			pm.Set(p.Out, p)
 		}
-		for _, b := range set.Bindings {
+		for _, b := range curr.Bindings {
 			pm.Set(b.Iface, b)
 		}
-		for _, imp := range set.Imports {
-			next = append(next, imp.ProviderSetID)
+		for _, imp := range curr.Imports {
+			next = append(next, imp)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ func gather(info *goose.Info, key goose.ProviderSetID) (_ []outGroup, imports ma
 					inputs:  in,
 					outputs: out,
 				})
-			case goose.IfaceBinding:
+			case *goose.IfaceBinding:
 				i, ok := inputVisited.At(p.Provided).(int)
 				if !ok {
 					stk = append(stk, curr, p.Provided)
@@ -327,3 +328,8 @@ func sortSet(set interface{}) []string {
 	sort.Strings(a)
 	return a
 }
+
+func formatProviderSetName(importPath, varName string) string {
+	// Since varName is an identifier, it doesn't make sense to quote.
+	return strconv.Quote(importPath) + "." + varName
+}

goose.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Package goose contains directives for goose code generation.
+package goose
+
+// ProviderSet is a marker type that collects a group of providers.
+type ProviderSet struct{}
+
+// NewSet creates a new provider set that includes the providers in
+// its arguments. Each argument is either an exported function value,
+// an exported struct (zero) value, or a call to Bind.
+func NewSet(...interface{}) ProviderSet {
+	return ProviderSet{}
+}
+
+// Use is placed in the body of an injector function to declare the
+// providers to use. Its arguments are the same as NewSet. Its return
+// value is an error message that can be sent to panic.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func injector(ctx context.Context) (*sql.DB, error) {
+//		panic(Use(otherpkg.Foo, myProviderFunc, goose.Bind()))
+//	}
+func Use(...interface{}) string {
+	return "implementation not generated, run goose"
+}
+
+// A Binding maps an interface to a concrete type.
+type Binding struct{}
+
+// Bind declares that a concrete type should be used to satisfy a
+// dependency on iface.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	var MySet = goose.NewSet(goose.Bind(MyInterface(nil), new(MyStruct)))
+func Bind(iface, to interface{}) Binding {
+	return Binding{}
+}

internal/goose/analyze.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type call struct {
 
 // solve finds the sequence of calls required to produce an output type
 // with an optional set of provided inputs.
-func solve(mc *providerSetCache, out types.Type, given []types.Type, sets []symref) ([]call, error) {
+func solve(fset *token.FileSet, out types.Type, given []types.Type, set *ProviderSet) ([]call, error) {
 	for i, g := range given {
 		for _, h := range given[:i] {
 			if types.Identical(g, h) {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func solve(mc *providerSetCache, out types.Type, given []types.Type, sets []symr
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	providers, err := buildProviderMap(mc, sets)
+	providers, err := buildProviderMap(fset, set)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func solve(mc *providerSetCache, out types.Type, given []types.Type, sets []symr
 	for i, g := range given {
 		if p := providers.At(g); p != nil {
 			pp := p.(*Provider)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("input of %s conflicts with provider %s at %s", types.TypeString(g, nil), pp.Name, mc.fset.Position(pp.Pos))
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("input of %s conflicts with provider %s at %s", types.TypeString(g, nil), pp.Name, fset.Position(pp.Pos))
 		}
 		index.Set(g, i)
 	}
@@ -135,88 +135,70 @@ func solve(mc *providerSetCache, out types.Type, given []types.Type, sets []symr
 	return calls, nil
 }
 
-func buildProviderMap(mc *providerSetCache, sets []symref) (*typeutil.Map, error) {
-	type nextEnt struct {
-		to symref
-
-		from symref
-		pos  token.Pos
-	}
+func buildProviderMap(fset *token.FileSet, set *ProviderSet) (*typeutil.Map, error) {
 	type binding struct {
-		IfaceBinding
-		pset symref
-		from symref
+		*IfaceBinding
+		set *ProviderSet
 	}
 
-	pm := new(typeutil.Map) // to *providerInfo
+	providerMap := new(typeutil.Map) // to *Provider
+	setMap := new(typeutil.Map)      // to *ProviderSet, for error messages
 	var bindings []binding
-	visited := make(map[symref]struct{})
-	var next []nextEnt
-	for _, ref := range sets {
-		next = append(next, nextEnt{to: ref})
-	}
+	visited := make(map[*ProviderSet]struct{})
+	next := []*ProviderSet{set}
 	for len(next) > 0 {
 		curr := next[0]
 		copy(next, next[1:])
 		next = next[:len(next)-1]
-		if _, skip := visited[curr.to]; skip {
+		if _, skip := visited[curr]; skip {
 			continue
 		}
-		visited[curr.to] = struct{}{}
-		pset, err := mc.get(curr.to)
-		if err != nil {
-			if !curr.pos.IsValid() {
-				return nil, err
+		visited[curr] = struct{}{}
+		for _, p := range curr.Providers {
+			if providerMap.At(p.Out) != nil {
+				return nil, bindingConflictError(fset, p.Pos, p.Out, setMap.At(p.Out).(*ProviderSet))
 			}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", mc.fset.Position(curr.pos), err)
+			providerMap.Set(p.Out, p)
+			setMap.Set(p.Out, curr)
 		}
-		for _, p := range pset.Providers {
-			if prev := pm.At(p.Out); prev != nil {
-				pos := mc.fset.Position(p.Pos)
-				typ := types.TypeString(p.Out, nil)
-				prevPos := mc.fset.Position(prev.(*Provider).Pos)
-				if curr.from.importPath == "" {
-					// Provider set is imported directly by injector.
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (added by injector, previous binding at %v)", pos, typ, prevPos)
-				}
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (imported by %v, previous binding at %v)", pos, typ, curr.from, prevPos)
-			}
-			pm.Set(p.Out, p)
-		}
-		for _, b := range pset.Bindings {
+		for _, b := range curr.Bindings {
 			bindings = append(bindings, binding{
 				IfaceBinding: b,
-				pset:         curr.to,
-				from:         curr.from,
+				set:          curr,
 			})
 		}
-		for _, imp := range pset.Imports {
-			next = append(next, nextEnt{to: imp.symref(), from: curr.to, pos: imp.Pos})
+		for _, imp := range curr.Imports {
+			next = append(next, imp)
 		}
 	}
+	// Validate that bindings have their concrete type provided in the set.
+	// TODO(light): Move this validation up into provider set creation.
 	for _, b := range bindings {
-		if prev := pm.At(b.Iface); prev != nil {
-			pos := mc.fset.Position(b.Pos)
-			typ := types.TypeString(b.Iface, nil)
-			// TODO(light): Error message for conflicting with another interface binding will point at provider instead of binding.
-			prevPos := mc.fset.Position(prev.(*Provider).Pos)
-			if b.from.importPath == "" {
-				// Provider set is imported directly by injector.
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (added by injector, previous binding at %v)", pos, typ, prevPos)
+		if providerMap.At(b.Iface) != nil {
+			return nil, bindingConflictError(fset, b.Pos, b.Iface, setMap.At(b.Iface).(*ProviderSet))
 		}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (imported by %v, previous binding at %v)", pos, typ, b.from, prevPos)
-		}
-		concrete := pm.At(b.Provided)
+		concrete := providerMap.At(b.Provided)
 		if concrete == nil {
-			pos := mc.fset.Position(b.Pos)
+			pos := fset.Position(b.Pos)
 			typ := types.TypeString(b.Provided, nil)
-			if b.from.importPath == "" {
-				// Concrete provider is imported directly by injector.
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: no binding for %s", pos, typ)
 		}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: no binding for %s (imported by %v)", pos, typ, b.from)
+		providerMap.Set(b.Iface, concrete)
+		setMap.Set(b.Iface, b.set)
 	}
-		pm.Set(b.Iface, concrete)
+	return providerMap, nil
 }
-	return pm, nil
+
+// bindingConflictError creates a new error describing multiple bindings
+// for the same output type.
+func bindingConflictError(fset *token.FileSet, pos token.Pos, typ types.Type, prevSet *ProviderSet) error {
+	position := fset.Position(pos)
+	typString := types.TypeString(typ, nil)
+	if prevSet.Name == "" {
+		prevPosition := fset.Position(prevSet.Pos)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (previous binding at %v)",
+			position, typString, prevPosition)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple bindings for %s (previous binding in %q.%s)",
+		position, typString, prevSet.PkgPath, prevSet.Name)
 }

internal/goose/goose.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"go/ast"
 	"go/build"
 	"go/format"
-	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
 	"go/types"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
@@ -22,8 +22,24 @@ import (
 // Generate performs dependency injection for a single package,
 // returning the gofmt'd Go source code.
 func Generate(bctx *build.Context, wd string, pkg string) ([]byte, error) {
-	conf := newLoaderConfig(bctx, wd, true)
+	mainPkg, err := bctx.Import(pkg, wd, build.FindOnly)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load: %v", err)
+	}
+	// TODO(light): Stop errors from printing to stderr.
+	conf := &loader.Config{
+		Build: new(build.Context),
+		Cwd:   wd,
+		TypeCheckFuncBodies: func(path string) bool {
+			return path == mainPkg.ImportPath
+		},
+	}
+	*conf.Build = *bctx
+	n := len(conf.Build.BuildTags)
+	// TODO(light): Only apply gooseinject build tag on main package.
+	conf.Build.BuildTags = append(conf.Build.BuildTags[:n:n], "gooseinject")
 	conf.Import(pkg)
+
 	prog, err := conf.Load()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load: %v", err)
@@ -34,47 +50,23 @@ func Generate(bctx *build.Context, wd string, pkg string) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	pkgInfo := prog.InitialPackages()[0]
 	g := newGen(prog, pkgInfo.Pkg.Path())
-	r := newImportResolver(conf, prog.Fset)
-	mc := newProviderSetCache(prog, r)
+	oc := newObjectCache(prog)
 	for _, f := range pkgInfo.Files {
-		if !isInjectFile(f) {
-			continue
-		}
-		fileScope := pkgInfo.Scopes[f]
-		groups := parseFile(prog.Fset, f)
 		for _, decl := range f.Decls {
 			fn, ok := decl.(*ast.FuncDecl)
 			if !ok {
 				continue
 			}
-			var dg directiveGroup
-			for _, dg = range groups {
-				if dg.decl == decl {
-					break
+			useCall := isInjector(&pkgInfo.Info, fn)
+			if useCall == nil {
+				continue
 			}
-			}
-			if dg.decl != decl {
-				dg = directiveGroup{}
-			}
-			var sets []symref
-			for _, d := range dg.dirs {
-				if d.kind != "use" {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: cannot use %s directive on inject function", prog.Fset.Position(d.pos), d.kind)
-				}
-				args := d.args()
-				if len(args) == 0 {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: goose:use must have at least one provider set reference", prog.Fset.Position(d.pos))
-				}
-				for _, arg := range args {
-					ref, err := parseSymbolRef(r, arg, fileScope, g.currPackage, d.pos)
+			set, err := oc.processNewSet(pkgInfo, useCall)
 			if err != nil {
-						return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", prog.Fset.Position(d.pos), err)
-					}
-					sets = append(sets, ref)
-				}
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", prog.Fset.Position(fn.Pos()), err)
 			}
 			sig := pkgInfo.ObjectOf(fn.Name).Type().(*types.Signature)
-			if err := g.inject(mc, fn.Name.Name, sig, sets); err != nil {
+			if err := g.inject(prog.Fset, fn.Name.Name, sig, set); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", prog.Fset.Position(fn.Pos()), err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -89,23 +81,6 @@ func Generate(bctx *build.Context, wd string, pkg string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return fmtSrc, nil
 }
 
-func newLoaderConfig(bctx *build.Context, wd string, inject bool) *loader.Config {
-	// TODO(light): Stop errors from printing to stderr.
-	conf := &loader.Config{
-		Build:               bctx,
-		ParserMode:          parser.ParseComments,
-		Cwd:                 wd,
-		TypeCheckFuncBodies: func(string) bool { return false },
-	}
-	if inject {
-		conf.Build = new(build.Context)
-		*conf.Build = *bctx
-		n := len(conf.Build.BuildTags)
-		conf.Build.BuildTags = append(conf.Build.BuildTags[:n:n], "gooseinject")
-	}
-	return conf
-}
-
 // gen is the generator state.
 type gen struct {
 	currPackage string
@@ -150,7 +125,7 @@ func (g *gen) frame() []byte {
 }
 
 // inject emits the code for an injector.
-func (g *gen) inject(mc *providerSetCache, name string, sig *types.Signature, sets []symref) error {
+func (g *gen) inject(fset *token.FileSet, name string, sig *types.Signature, set *ProviderSet) error {
 	results := sig.Results()
 	var returnsCleanup, returnsErr bool
 	switch results.Len() {
@@ -184,7 +159,7 @@ func (g *gen) inject(mc *providerSetCache, name string, sig *types.Signature, se
 	for i := 0; i < params.Len(); i++ {
 		given[i] = params.At(i).Type()
 	}
-	calls, err := solve(mc, outType, given, sets)
+	calls, err := solve(fset, outType, given, set)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

internal/goose/goose_test.go

@@ -29,13 +29,19 @@ func TestGoose(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	// The marker function package source is needed to have the test cases
+	// type check. loadTestCase places this file at the well-known import path.
+	gooseGo, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("..", "..", "goose.go"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	tests := make([]*testCase, 0, len(testdataEnts))
 	for _, ent := range testdataEnts {
 		name := ent.Name()
 		if !ent.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(name, ".") || strings.HasPrefix(name, "_") {
 			continue
 		}
-		test, err := loadTestCase(filepath.Join(testRoot, name))
+		test, err := loadTestCase(filepath.Join(testRoot, name), gooseGo)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Error(err)
 		}
@@ -227,7 +233,7 @@ type testCase struct {
 //		out.txt    file containing the expected output, or the magic string "ERROR"
 //		           if this test should cause generation to fail
 //		...        any Go files found recursively placed under GOPATH/src/...
-func loadTestCase(root string) (*testCase, error) {
+func loadTestCase(root string, gooseGoSrc []byte) (*testCase, error) {
 	name := filepath.Base(root)
 	pkg, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, "pkg"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -242,7 +248,9 @@ func loadTestCase(root string) (*testCase, error) {
 		wantError = true
 		out = nil
 	}
-	goFiles := make(map[string][]byte)
+	goFiles := map[string][]byte{
+		"codename/goose/goose.go": gooseGoSrc,
+	}
 	err = filepath.Walk(root, func(src string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err

internal/goose/parse.go

@@ -6,20 +6,28 @@ import (
 	"go/build"
 	"go/token"
 	"go/types"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"unicode"
 
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil"
 	"golang.org/x/tools/go/loader"
 )
 
 // A ProviderSet describes a set of providers.  The zero value is an empty
 // ProviderSet.
 type ProviderSet struct {
+	// Pos is the position of the call to goose.NewSet or goose.Use that
+	// created the set.
+	Pos token.Pos
+	// PkgPath is the import path of the package that declared this set.
+	PkgPath string
+	// Name is the variable name of the set, if it came from a package
+	// variable.
+	Name string
+
 	Providers []*Provider
-	Bindings  []IfaceBinding
-	Imports   []ProviderSetImport
+	Bindings  []*IfaceBinding
+	Imports   []*ProviderSet
 }
 
 // An IfaceBinding declares that a type should be used to satisfy inputs
@@ -35,12 +43,6 @@ type IfaceBinding struct {
 	Pos token.Pos
 }
 
-// A ProviderSetImport adds providers from one provider set into another.
-type ProviderSetImport struct {
-	ProviderSetID
-	Pos token.Pos
-}
-
 // Provider records the signature of a provider. A provider is a
 // single Go object, either a function or a named struct type.
 type Provider struct {
@@ -87,7 +89,12 @@ type ProviderInput struct {
 // Load finds all the provider sets in the given packages, as well as
 // the provider sets' transitive dependencies.
 func Load(bctx *build.Context, wd string, pkgs []string) (*Info, error) {
-	conf := newLoaderConfig(bctx, wd, false)
+	// TODO(light): Stop errors from printing to stderr.
+	conf := &loader.Config{
+		Build:               bctx,
+		Cwd:                 wd,
+		TypeCheckFuncBodies: func(string) bool { return false },
+	}
 	for _, p := range pkgs {
 		conf.Import(p)
 	}
@@ -95,48 +102,26 @@ func Load(bctx *build.Context, wd string, pkgs []string) (*Info, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load: %v", err)
 	}
-	r := newImportResolver(conf, prog.Fset)
-	var next []string
-	initial := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, pkgInfo := range prog.InitialPackages() {
-		path := pkgInfo.Pkg.Path()
-		next = append(next, path)
-		initial[path] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	visited := make(map[string]struct{})
 	info := &Info{
 		Fset: prog.Fset,
 		Sets: make(map[ProviderSetID]*ProviderSet),
-		All:  make(map[ProviderSetID]*ProviderSet),
 	}
-	for len(next) > 0 {
-		curr := next[len(next)-1]
-		next = next[:len(next)-1]
-		if _, ok := visited[curr]; ok {
+	oc := newObjectCache(prog)
+	for _, pkgInfo := range prog.InitialPackages() {
+		scope := pkgInfo.Pkg.Scope()
+		for _, name := range scope.Names() {
+			item, err := oc.get(scope.Lookup(name))
+			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-		visited[curr] = struct{}{}
-		pkgInfo := prog.Package(curr)
-		sets, err := findProviderSets(findContext{
-			fset:     prog.Fset,
-			pkg:      pkgInfo.Pkg,
-			typeInfo: &pkgInfo.Info,
-			r:        r,
-		}, pkgInfo.Files)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("load: %v", err)
-		}
-		path := pkgInfo.Pkg.Path()
-		for name, set := range sets {
-			info.All[ProviderSetID{path, name}] = set
-			for _, imp := range set.Imports {
-				next = append(next, imp.ImportPath)
-			}
-		}
-		if _, ok := initial[path]; ok {
-			for name, set := range sets {
-				info.Sets[ProviderSetID{path, name}] = set
+			pset, ok := item.(*ProviderSet)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
 			}
+			// pset.Name may not equal name, since it could be an alias to
+			// another provider set.
+			id := ProviderSetID{ImportPath: pset.PkgPath, VarName: name}
+			info.Sets[id] = pset
 		}
 	}
 	return info, nil
@@ -148,257 +133,217 @@ type Info struct {
 
 	// Sets contains all the provider sets in the initial packages.
 	Sets map[ProviderSetID]*ProviderSet
-
-	// All contains all the provider sets transitively depended on by the
-	// initial packages' provider sets.
-	All map[ProviderSetID]*ProviderSet
 }
 
-// A ProviderSetID identifies a provider set.
+// A ProviderSetID identifies a named provider set.
 type ProviderSetID struct {
 	ImportPath string
-	Name       string
+	VarName    string
 }
 
 // String returns the ID as ""path/to/pkg".Foo".
 func (id ProviderSetID) String() string {
-	return id.symref().String()
+	return strconv.Quote(id.ImportPath) + "." + id.VarName
 }
 
-func (id ProviderSetID) symref() symref {
-	return symref{importPath: id.ImportPath, name: id.Name}
+// objectCache is a lazily evaluated mapping of objects to goose structures.
+type objectCache struct {
+	prog    *loader.Program
+	objects map[objRef]interface{} // *Provider or *ProviderSet
 }
 
-type findContext struct {
-	fset     *token.FileSet
-	pkg      *types.Package
-	typeInfo *types.Info
-	r        *importResolver
+type objRef struct {
+	importPath string
+	name       string
 }
 
-// findProviderSets processes a package and extracts the provider sets declared in it.
-func findProviderSets(fctx findContext, files []*ast.File) (map[string]*ProviderSet, error) {
-	sets := make(map[string]*ProviderSet)
-	for _, f := range files {
-		fileScope := fctx.typeInfo.Scopes[f]
-		if fileScope == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: no scope found for file (likely a bug)", fctx.fset.File(f.Pos()).Name())
+func newObjectCache(prog *loader.Program) *objectCache {
+	return &objectCache{
+		prog:    prog,
+		objects: make(map[objRef]interface{}),
 	}
-		for _, dg := range parseFile(fctx.fset, f) {
-			if dg.decl != nil {
-				if err := processDeclDirectives(fctx, sets, fileScope, dg); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-			} else {
-				for _, d := range dg.dirs {
-					if err := processUnassociatedDirective(fctx, sets, fileScope, d); err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return sets, nil
 }
 
-// processUnassociatedDirective handles any directive that was not associated with a top-level declaration.
-func processUnassociatedDirective(fctx findContext, sets map[string]*ProviderSet, scope *types.Scope, d directive) error {
-	switch d.kind {
-	case "provide":
-		return fmt.Errorf("%v: only functions can be marked as providers", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos))
-	case "use":
-		// Ignore, picked up by injector flow.
-	case "bind":
-		args := d.args()
-		if len(args) != 3 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: invalid binding: expected TARGET IFACE TYPE", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos))
+// get converts a Go object into a goose structure. It may return a
+// *Provider, a structProviderPair, an *IfaceBinding, or a *ProviderSet.
+func (oc *objectCache) get(obj types.Object) (interface{}, error) {
+	ref := objRef{
+		importPath: obj.Pkg().Path(),
+		name:       obj.Name(),
 	}
-		ifaceRef, err := parseSymbolRef(fctx.r, args[1], scope, fctx.pkg.Path(), d.pos)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), err)
+	if val, cached := oc.objects[ref]; cached {
+		if val == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v is not a provider or a provider set", obj)
 		}
-		ifaceObj, err := ifaceRef.resolveObject(fctx.pkg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), err)
+		return val, nil
 	}
-		ifaceDecl, ok := ifaceObj.(*types.TypeName)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v does not name a type", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), ifaceRef)
+	switch obj := obj.(type) {
+	case *types.Var:
+		spec := oc.varDecl(obj)
+		if len(spec.Values) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v is not a provider or a provider set", obj)
 		}
-		iface := ifaceDecl.Type()
-		methodSet, ok := iface.Underlying().(*types.Interface)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v does not name an interface type", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), ifaceRef)
-		}
-
-		providedRef, err := parseSymbolRef(fctx.r, strings.TrimPrefix(args[2], "*"), scope, fctx.pkg.Path(), d.pos)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), err)
-		}
-		providedObj, err := providedRef.resolveObject(fctx.pkg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), err)
-		}
-		providedDecl, ok := providedObj.(*types.TypeName)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v does not name a type", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), providedRef)
-		}
-		provided := providedDecl.Type()
-		if types.Identical(provided, iface) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: cannot bind interface to itself", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos))
-		}
-		if strings.HasPrefix(args[2], "*") {
-			provided = types.NewPointer(provided)
-		}
-		if !types.Implements(provided, methodSet) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: %s does not implement %s", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), types.TypeString(provided, nil), types.TypeString(iface, nil))
-		}
-
-		name := args[0]
-		if pset := sets[name]; pset != nil {
-			pset.Bindings = append(pset.Bindings, IfaceBinding{
-				Iface:    iface,
-				Provided: provided,
-			})
-		} else {
-			sets[name] = &ProviderSet{
-				Bindings: []IfaceBinding{{
-					Iface:    iface,
-					Provided: provided,
-				}},
-			}
-		}
-	case "import":
-		args := d.args()
-		if len(args) < 2 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: invalid import: expected TARGET SETREF", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos))
-		}
-		name := args[0]
-		for _, spec := range args[1:] {
-			ref, err := parseSymbolRef(fctx.r, spec, scope, fctx.pkg.Path(), d.pos)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), err)
-			}
-			if findImport(fctx.pkg, ref.importPath) == nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%v: provider set %s imports %q which is not in the package's imports", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), name, ref.importPath)
-			}
-			if mod := sets[name]; mod != nil {
-				found := false
-				for _, other := range mod.Imports {
-					if ref == other.symref() {
-						found = true
+		var i int
+		for i = range spec.Names {
+			if spec.Names[i].Name == obj.Name() {
 				break
 			}
 		}
-				if !found {
-					mod.Imports = append(mod.Imports, ProviderSetImport{
-						ProviderSetID: ProviderSetID{
-							ImportPath: ref.importPath,
-							Name:       ref.name,
-						},
-						Pos: d.pos,
-					})
-				}
-			} else {
-				sets[name] = &ProviderSet{
-					Imports: []ProviderSetImport{{
-						ProviderSetID: ProviderSetID{
-							ImportPath: ref.importPath,
-							Name:       ref.name,
-						},
-						Pos: d.pos,
-					}},
-				}
-			}
+		return oc.processExpr(oc.prog.Package(obj.Pkg().Path()), spec.Values[i])
+	case *types.Func:
+		p, err := processFuncProvider(oc.prog.Fset, obj)
+		if err != nil {
+			oc.objects[ref] = nil
+			return nil, err
 		}
+		oc.objects[ref] = p
+		return p, nil
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%v: unknown directive %s", fctx.fset.Position(d.pos), d.kind)
+		oc.objects[ref] = nil
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v is not a provider or a provider set", obj)
+	}
+}
+
+// varDecl finds the declaration that defines the given variable.
+func (oc *objectCache) varDecl(obj *types.Var) *ast.ValueSpec {
+	// TODO(light): Walk files to build object -> declaration mapping, if more performant.
+	// Recommended by https://golang.org/s/types-tutorial
+	pkg := oc.prog.Package(obj.Pkg().Path())
+	pos := obj.Pos()
+	for _, f := range pkg.Files {
+		tokenFile := oc.prog.Fset.File(f.Pos())
+		if base := tokenFile.Base(); base <= int(pos) && int(pos) < base+tokenFile.Size() {
+			path, _ := astutil.PathEnclosingInterval(f, pos, pos)
+			for _, node := range path {
+				if spec, ok := node.(*ast.ValueSpec); ok {
+					return spec
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// processDeclDirectives processes the directives associated with a top-level declaration.
-func processDeclDirectives(fctx findContext, sets map[string]*ProviderSet, scope *types.Scope, dg directiveGroup) error {
-	p, err := dg.single(fctx.fset, "provide")
+// processExpr converts an expression into a goose structure. It may
+// return a *Provider, a structProviderPair, an *IfaceBinding, or a
+// *ProviderSet.
+func (oc *objectCache) processExpr(pkg *loader.PackageInfo, expr ast.Expr) (interface{}, error) {
+	exprPos := oc.prog.Fset.Position(expr.Pos())
+	expr = astutil.Unparen(expr)
+	if obj := qualifiedIdentObject(&pkg.Info, expr); obj != nil {
+		item, err := oc.get(obj)
 		if err != nil {
-		return err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", exprPos, err)
 		}
-	if !p.isValid() {
-		return nil
+		return item, nil
 	}
-	var providerSetName string
-	if args := p.args(); len(args) == 1 {
-		// TODO(light): Validate identifier.
-		providerSetName = args[0]
-	} else if len(args) > 1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%v: goose:provide takes at most one argument", fctx.fset.Position(p.pos))
+	if call, ok := expr.(*ast.CallExpr); ok {
+		fnObj := qualifiedIdentObject(&pkg.Info, call.Fun)
+		if fnObj == nil || !isGooseImport(fnObj.Pkg().Path()) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: unknown pattern", exprPos)
 		}
-	switch decl := dg.decl.(type) {
-	case *ast.FuncDecl:
-		fn := fctx.typeInfo.ObjectOf(decl.Name).(*types.Func)
-		provider, err := processFuncProvider(fctx, fn)
+		switch fnObj.Name() {
+		case "NewSet":
+			pset, err := oc.processNewSet(pkg, call)
 			if err != nil {
-			return err
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", exprPos, err)
 			}
-		if providerSetName == "" {
-			providerSetName = fn.Name()
-		}
-		if mod := sets[providerSetName]; mod != nil {
-			for _, other := range mod.Providers {
-				if types.Identical(other.Out, provider.Out) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("%v: provider set %s has multiple providers for %s (previous declaration at %v)", fctx.fset.Position(fn.Pos()), providerSetName, types.TypeString(provider.Out, nil), fctx.fset.Position(other.Pos))
-				}
-			}
-			mod.Providers = append(mod.Providers, provider)
-		} else {
-			sets[providerSetName] = &ProviderSet{
-				Providers: []*Provider{provider},
-			}
-		}
-	case *ast.GenDecl:
-		if decl.Tok != token.TYPE {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: only functions and structs can be marked as providers", fctx.fset.Position(p.pos))
-		}
-		if len(decl.Specs) != 1 {
-			// TODO(light): Tighten directive extraction to associate with particular specs.
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: only functions and structs can be marked as providers", fctx.fset.Position(p.pos))
-		}
-		typeName := fctx.typeInfo.ObjectOf(decl.Specs[0].(*ast.TypeSpec).Name).(*types.TypeName)
-		if _, ok := typeName.Type().(*types.Named).Underlying().(*types.Struct); !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%v: only functions and structs can be marked as providers", fctx.fset.Position(p.pos))
-		}
-		provider, err := processStructProvider(fctx, typeName)
+			return pset, nil
+		case "Bind":
+			b, err := processBind(oc.prog.Fset, &pkg.Info, call)
 			if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if providerSetName == "" {
-			providerSetName = typeName.Name()
-		}
-		ptrProvider := new(Provider)
-		*ptrProvider = *provider
-		ptrProvider.Out = types.NewPointer(provider.Out)
-		if mod := sets[providerSetName]; mod != nil {
-			for _, other := range mod.Providers {
-				if types.Identical(other.Out, provider.Out) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("%v: provider set %s has multiple providers for %s (previous declaration at %v)", fctx.fset.Position(typeName.Pos()), providerSetName, types.TypeString(provider.Out, nil), fctx.fset.Position(other.Pos))
-				}
-				if types.Identical(other.Out, ptrProvider.Out) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("%v: provider set %s has multiple providers for %s (previous declaration at %v)", fctx.fset.Position(typeName.Pos()), providerSetName, types.TypeString(ptrProvider.Out, nil), fctx.fset.Position(other.Pos))
-				}
-			}
-			mod.Providers = append(mod.Providers, provider, ptrProvider)
-		} else {
-			sets[providerSetName] = &ProviderSet{
-				Providers: []*Provider{provider, ptrProvider},
-			}
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", exprPos, err)
 			}
+			return b, nil
 		default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%v: only functions and structs can be marked as providers", fctx.fset.Position(p.pos))
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: unknown pattern", exprPos)
 		}
-	return nil
+	}
+	if tn := structArgType(&pkg.Info, expr); tn != nil {
+		p, err := processStructProvider(oc.prog.Fset, tn)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", exprPos, err)
+		}
+		ptrp := new(Provider)
+		*ptrp = *p
+		ptrp.Out = types.NewPointer(p.Out)
+		return structProviderPair{p, ptrp}, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: unknown pattern", exprPos)
 }
 
-func processFuncProvider(fctx findContext, fn *types.Func) (*Provider, error) {
+type structProviderPair struct {
+	provider    *Provider
+	ptrProvider *Provider
+}
+
+func (oc *objectCache) processNewSet(pkg *loader.PackageInfo, call *ast.CallExpr) (*ProviderSet, error) {
+	// Assumes that call.Fun is goose.NewSet or goose.Use.
+
+	pset := &ProviderSet{
+		Pos:     call.Pos(),
+		PkgPath: pkg.Pkg.Path(),
+	}
+	for _, arg := range call.Args {
+		item, err := oc.processExpr(pkg, arg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		switch item := item.(type) {
+		case *Provider:
+			pset.Providers = append(pset.Providers, item)
+		case *ProviderSet:
+			pset.Imports = append(pset.Imports, item)
+		case *IfaceBinding:
+			pset.Bindings = append(pset.Bindings, item)
+		case structProviderPair:
+			pset.Providers = append(pset.Providers, item.provider, item.ptrProvider)
+		default:
+			panic("unknown item type")
+		}
+	}
+	return pset, nil
+}
+
+// structArgType attempts to interpret an expression as a simple struct type.
+// It assumes any parentheses have been stripped.
+func structArgType(info *types.Info, expr ast.Expr) *types.TypeName {
+	lit, ok := expr.(*ast.CompositeLit)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	tn, ok := qualifiedIdentObject(info, lit.Type).(*types.TypeName)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, isStruct := tn.Type().Underlying().(*types.Struct); !isStruct {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return tn
+}
+
+// qualifiedIdentObject finds the object for an identifier or a
+// qualified identifier, or nil if the object could not be found.
+func qualifiedIdentObject(info *types.Info, expr ast.Expr) types.Object {
+	switch expr := expr.(type) {
+	case *ast.Ident:
+		return info.ObjectOf(expr)
+	case *ast.SelectorExpr:
+		pkgName, ok := expr.X.(*ast.Ident)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if _, ok := info.ObjectOf(pkgName).(*types.PkgName); !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return info.ObjectOf(expr.Sel)
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// processFuncProvider creates a provider for a function declaration.
+func processFuncProvider(fset *token.FileSet, fn *types.Func) (*Provider, error) {
 	sig := fn.Type().(*types.Signature)
 
 	fpos := fn.Pos()
@@ -414,23 +359,23 @@ func processFuncProvider(fctx findContext, fn *types.Func) (*Provider, error) {
 		case types.Identical(t, cleanupType):
 			hasCleanup, hasErr = true, false
 		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: second return type must be error or func()", fctx.fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: second return type must be error or func()", fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
 		}
 	case 3:
 		if t := r.At(1).Type(); !types.Identical(t, cleanupType) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: second return type must be func()", fctx.fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: second return type must be func()", fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
 		}
 		if t := r.At(2).Type(); !types.Identical(t, errorType) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: third return type must be error", fctx.fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: third return type must be error", fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
 		}
 		hasCleanup, hasErr = true, true
 	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: must have one return value and optional error", fctx.fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: wrong signature for provider %s: must have one return value and optional error", fset.Position(fpos), fn.Name())
 	}
 	out := r.At(0).Type()
 	params := sig.Params()
 	provider := &Provider{
-		ImportPath: fctx.pkg.Path(),
+		ImportPath: fn.Pkg().Path(),
 		Name:       fn.Name(),
 		Pos:        fn.Pos(),
 		Args:       make([]ProviderInput, params.Len()),
@@ -444,20 +389,25 @@ func processFuncProvider(fctx findContext, fn *types.Func) (*Provider, error) {
 		}
 		for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
 			if types.Identical(provider.Args[i].Type, provider.Args[j].Type) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: provider has multiple parameters of type %s", fctx.fset.Position(fpos), types.TypeString(provider.Args[j].Type, nil))
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: provider has multiple parameters of type %s", fset.Position(fpos), types.TypeString(provider.Args[j].Type, nil))
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return provider, nil
 }
 
-func processStructProvider(fctx findContext, typeName *types.TypeName) (*Provider, error) {
+// processStructProvider creates a provider for a named struct type.
+// It only produces the non-pointer variant.
+func processStructProvider(fset *token.FileSet, typeName *types.TypeName) (*Provider, error) {
 	out := typeName.Type()
-	st := out.Underlying().(*types.Struct)
+	st, ok := out.Underlying().(*types.Struct)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v does not name a struct", typeName)
+	}
 
 	pos := typeName.Pos()
 	provider := &Provider{
-		ImportPath: fctx.pkg.Path(),
+		ImportPath: typeName.Pkg().Path(),
 		Name:       typeName.Name(),
 		Pos:        pos,
 		Args:       make([]ProviderInput, st.NumFields()),
@@ -473,332 +423,93 @@ func processStructProvider(fctx findContext, typeName *types.TypeName) (*Provide
 		provider.Fields[i] = f.Name()
 		for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
 			if types.Identical(provider.Args[i].Type, provider.Args[j].Type) {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: provider struct has multiple fields of type %s", fctx.fset.Position(pos), types.TypeString(provider.Args[j].Type, nil))
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: provider struct has multiple fields of type %s", fset.Position(pos), types.TypeString(provider.Args[j].Type, nil))
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return provider, nil
 }
 
-// providerSetCache is a lazily evaluated index of provider sets.
-type providerSetCache struct {
-	sets map[string]map[string]*ProviderSet
-	fset *token.FileSet
-	prog *loader.Program
-	r    *importResolver
-}
+// processBind creates an interface binding from a goose.Bind call.
+func processBind(fset *token.FileSet, info *types.Info, call *ast.CallExpr) (*IfaceBinding, error) {
+	// Assumes that call.Fun is goose.Bind.
 
-func newProviderSetCache(prog *loader.Program, r *importResolver) *providerSetCache {
-	return &providerSetCache{
-		fset: prog.Fset,
-		prog: prog,
-		r:    r,
+	if len(call.Args) != 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: call to Bind takes exactly two arguments", fset.Position(call.Pos()))
 	}
-}
-
-func (mc *providerSetCache) get(ref symref) (*ProviderSet, error) {
-	if mods, cached := mc.sets[ref.importPath]; cached {
-		mod := mods[ref.name]
-		if mod == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no such provider set %s in package %q", ref.name, ref.importPath)
-		}
-		return mod, nil
-	}
-	if mc.sets == nil {
-		mc.sets = make(map[string]map[string]*ProviderSet)
-	}
-	pkg := mc.prog.Package(ref.importPath)
-	mods, err := findProviderSets(findContext{
-		fset:     mc.fset,
-		pkg:      pkg.Pkg,
-		typeInfo: &pkg.Info,
-		r:        mc.r,
-	}, pkg.Files)
-	if err != nil {
-		mc.sets[ref.importPath] = nil
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	mc.sets[ref.importPath] = mods
-	mod := mods[ref.name]
-	if mod == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no such provider set %s in package %q", ref.name, ref.importPath)
-	}
-	return mod, nil
-}
-
-// A symref is a parsed reference to a symbol (either a provider set or a Go object).
-type symref struct {
-	importPath string
-	name       string
-}
-
-func parseSymbolRef(r *importResolver, ref string, s *types.Scope, pkg string, pos token.Pos) (symref, error) {
-	// TODO(light): Verify that provider set name is an identifier before returning.
-
-	i := strings.LastIndexByte(ref, '.')
-	if i == -1 {
-		return symref{importPath: pkg, name: ref}, nil
-	}
-	imp, name := ref[:i], ref[i+1:]
-	if strings.HasPrefix(imp, `"`) {
-		path, err := strconv.Unquote(imp)
-		if err != nil {
-			return symref{}, fmt.Errorf("parse symbol reference %q: bad import path", ref)
-		}
-		path, err = r.resolve(pos, path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return symref{}, fmt.Errorf("parse symbol reference %q: %v", ref, err)
-		}
-		return symref{importPath: path, name: name}, nil
-	}
-	_, obj := s.LookupParent(imp, pos)
-	if obj == nil {
-		return symref{}, fmt.Errorf("parse symbol reference %q: unknown identifier %s", ref, imp)
-	}
-	pn, ok := obj.(*types.PkgName)
+	// TODO(light): Verify that arguments are simple expressions.
+	iface := info.TypeOf(call.Args[0])
+	methodSet, ok := iface.Underlying().(*types.Interface)
 	if !ok {
-		return symref{}, fmt.Errorf("parse symbol reference %q: %s does not name a package", ref, imp)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: first argument to bind must be of interface type; found %s", fset.Position(call.Pos()), types.TypeString(iface, nil))
 	}
-	return symref{importPath: pn.Imported().Path(), name: name}, nil
+	provided := info.TypeOf(call.Args[1])
+	if types.Identical(iface, provided) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: cannot bind interface to itself", fset.Position(call.Pos()))
+	}
+	if !types.Implements(provided, methodSet) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%v: %s does not implement %s", fset.Position(call.Pos()), types.TypeString(provided, nil), types.TypeString(iface, nil))
+	}
+	return &IfaceBinding{
+		Pos:      call.Pos(),
+		Iface:    iface,
+		Provided: provided,
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func (ref symref) String() string {
-	return strconv.Quote(ref.importPath) + "." + ref.name
-}
-
-func (ref symref) resolveObject(pkg *types.Package) (types.Object, error) {
-	imp := findImport(pkg, ref.importPath)
-	if imp == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve Go reference %v: package not directly imported", ref)
-	}
-	obj := imp.Scope().Lookup(ref.name)
-	if obj == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve Go reference %v: %s not found in package", ref, ref.name)
-	}
-	return obj, nil
-}
-
-type importResolver struct {
-	fset        *token.FileSet
-	bctx        *build.Context
-	findPackage func(bctx *build.Context, importPath, fromDir string, mode build.ImportMode) (*build.Package, error)
-}
-
-func newImportResolver(c *loader.Config, fset *token.FileSet) *importResolver {
-	r := &importResolver{
-		fset:        fset,
-		bctx:        c.Build,
-		findPackage: c.FindPackage,
-	}
-	if r.bctx == nil {
-		r.bctx = &build.Default
-	}
-	if r.findPackage == nil {
-		r.findPackage = (*build.Context).Import
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
-func (r *importResolver) resolve(pos token.Pos, path string) (string, error) {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(r.fset.File(pos).Name())
-	pkg, err := r.findPackage(r.bctx, path, dir, build.FindOnly)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return pkg.ImportPath, nil
-}
-
-func findImport(pkg *types.Package, path string) *types.Package {
-	if pkg.Path() == path {
-		return pkg
-	}
-	for _, imp := range pkg.Imports() {
-		if imp.Path() == path {
-			return imp
-		}
-	}
+// isInjector checks whether a given function declaration is an
+// injector template, returning the goose.Use call. It returns nil if
+// the function is not an injector template.
+func isInjector(info *types.Info, fn *ast.FuncDecl) *ast.CallExpr {
+	if fn.Body == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-
-// A directive is a parsed goose comment.
-type directive struct {
-	pos  token.Pos
-	kind string
-	line string
+	var only *ast.ExprStmt
+	for _, stmt := range fn.Body.List {
+		switch stmt := stmt.(type) {
+		case *ast.ExprStmt:
+			if only != nil {
+				return nil
 			}
-
-// A directiveGroup is a set of directives associated with a particular
-// declaration.
-type directiveGroup struct {
-	decl ast.Decl
-	dirs []directive
-}
-
-// parseFile extracts the directives from a file, grouped by declaration.
-func parseFile(fset *token.FileSet, f *ast.File) []directiveGroup {
-	cmap := ast.NewCommentMap(fset, f, f.Comments)
-	// Reserve first group for directives that don't associate with a
-	// declaration, like import.
-	groups := make([]directiveGroup, 1, len(f.Decls)+1)
-	// Walk declarations and add to groups.
-	for _, decl := range f.Decls {
-		grp := directiveGroup{decl: decl}
-		ast.Inspect(decl, func(node ast.Node) bool {
-			if g := cmap[node]; len(g) > 0 {
-				for _, cg := range g {
-					start := len(grp.dirs)
-					grp.dirs = extractDirectives(grp.dirs, cg)
-
-					// Move directives that don't associate into the unassociated group.
-					n := 0
-					for i := start; i < len(grp.dirs); i++ {
-						if k := grp.dirs[i].kind; k == "provide" || k == "use" {
-							grp.dirs[start+n] = grp.dirs[i]
-							n++
-						} else {
-							groups[0].dirs = append(groups[0].dirs, grp.dirs[i])
-						}
-					}
-					grp.dirs = grp.dirs[:start+n]
-				}
-				delete(cmap, node)
-			}
-			return true
-		})
-		if len(grp.dirs) > 0 {
-			groups = append(groups, grp)
-		}
-	}
-	// Place remaining directives into the unassociated group.
-	unassoc := &groups[0]
-	for _, g := range cmap {
-		for _, cg := range g {
-			unassoc.dirs = extractDirectives(unassoc.dirs, cg)
-		}
-	}
-	if len(unassoc.dirs) == 0 {
-		return groups[1:]
-	}
-	return groups
-}
-
-func extractDirectives(d []directive, cg *ast.CommentGroup) []directive {
-	const prefix = "goose:"
-	text := cg.Text()
-	for len(text) > 0 {
-		text = strings.TrimLeft(text, " \t\r\n")
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(text, prefix) {
-			break
-		}
-		line := text[len(prefix):]
-		// Text() is always newline terminated.
-		i := strings.IndexByte(line, '\n')
-		line, text = line[:i], line[i+1:]
-		if i := strings.IndexByte(line, ' '); i != -1 {
-			d = append(d, directive{
-				kind: line[:i],
-				line: strings.TrimSpace(line[i+1:]),
-				pos:  cg.Pos(), // TODO(light): More precise position.
-			})
-		} else {
-			d = append(d, directive{
-				kind: line,
-				pos:  cg.Pos(), // TODO(light): More precise position.
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	return d
-}
-
-// single finds at most one directive that matches the given kind.
-func (dg directiveGroup) single(fset *token.FileSet, kind string) (directive, error) {
-	var found directive
-	ok := false
-	for _, d := range dg.dirs {
-		if d.kind != kind {
-			continue
-		}
-		if ok {
-			switch decl := dg.decl.(type) {
-			case *ast.FuncDecl:
-				return directive{}, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple %s directives for %s", fset.Position(d.pos), kind, decl.Name.Name)
-			case *ast.GenDecl:
-				if decl.Tok == token.TYPE && len(decl.Specs) == 1 {
-					name := decl.Specs[0].(*ast.TypeSpec).Name.Name
-					return directive{}, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple %s directives for %s", fset.Position(d.pos), kind, name)
-				}
-				return directive{}, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple %s directives", fset.Position(d.pos), kind)
+			only = stmt
+		case *ast.EmptyStmt:
+			// Do nothing.
 		default:
-				return directive{}, fmt.Errorf("%v: multiple %s directives", fset.Position(d.pos), kind)
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
-		found, ok = d, true
+	panicCall, ok := only.X.(*ast.CallExpr)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return found, nil
+	panicIdent, ok := panicCall.Fun.(*ast.Ident)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if info.ObjectOf(panicIdent) != types.Universe.Lookup("panic") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(panicCall.Args) != 1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	useCall, ok := panicCall.Args[0].(*ast.CallExpr)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	useObj := qualifiedIdentObject(info, useCall.Fun)
+	if !isGooseImport(useObj.Pkg().Path()) || useObj.Name() != "Use" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return useCall
 }
 
-func (d directive) isValid() bool {
-	return d.kind != ""
+func isGooseImport(path string) bool {
+	// TODO(light): This is depending on details of the current loader.
+	const vendorPart = "vendor/"
+	if i := strings.LastIndex(path, vendorPart); i != -1 && (i == 0 || path[i-1] == '/') {
+		path = path[i+len(vendorPart):]
 	}
-
-// args splits the directive line into tokens.
-func (d directive) args() []string {
-	var args []string
-	start := -1
-	state := 0 // 0 = boundary, 1 = in token, 2 = in quote, 3 = quote backslash
-	for i, r := range d.line {
-		switch state {
-		case 0:
-			// Argument boundary.
-			switch {
-			case r == '"':
-				start = i
-				state = 2
-			case !unicode.IsSpace(r):
-				start = i
-				state = 1
-			}
-		case 1:
-			// In token.
-			switch {
-			case unicode.IsSpace(r):
-				args = append(args, d.line[start:i])
-				start = -1
-				state = 0
-			case r == '"':
-				state = 2
-			}
-		case 2:
-			// In quotes.
-			switch {
-			case r == '"':
-				state = 1
-			case r == '\\':
-				state = 3
-			}
-		case 3:
-			// Quote backslash. Consumes one character and jumps back into "in quote" state.
-			state = 2
-		default:
-			panic("unreachable")
-		}
-	}
-	if start != -1 {
-		args = append(args, d.line[start:])
-	}
-	return args
-}
-
-// isInjectFile reports whether a given file is an injection template.
-func isInjectFile(f *ast.File) bool {
-	// TODO(light): Better determination.
-	for _, cg := range f.Comments {
-		text := cg.Text()
-		if strings.HasPrefix(text, "+build") && strings.Contains(text, "gooseinject") {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return path == "codename/goose"
 }
 
 // paramIndex returns the index of the parameter with the given name, or

internal/goose/parse_test.go

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package goose
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestDirectiveArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		line string
-		args []string
-	}{
-		{"", []string{}},
-		{"  \t  ", []string{}},
-		{"foo", []string{"foo"}},
-		{"foo bar", []string{"foo", "bar"}},
-		{"  foo \t bar  ", []string{"foo", "bar"}},
-		{"foo \"bar \t baz\" fido", []string{"foo", "\"bar \t baz\"", "fido"}},
-		{"foo \"bar \t baz\".quux fido", []string{"foo", "\"bar \t baz\".quux", "fido"}},
-	}
-	eq := func(a, b []string) bool {
-		if len(a) != len(b) {
-			return false
-		}
-		for i := range a {
-			if a[i] != b[i] {
-				return false
-			}
-		}
-		return true
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		got := (directive{line: test.line}).args()
-		if !eq(got, test.args) {
-			t.Errorf("directive{line: %q}.args() = %q; want %q", test.line, got, test.args)
-		}
-	}
-}

internal/goose/testdata/Chain/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fmt.Println(injectFooBar())
@@ -9,12 +13,14 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type FooBar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideFoo,
+	provideFooBar)
+
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return 41
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFooBar(foo Foo) FooBar {
 	return FooBar(foo) + 1
 }

internal/goose/testdata/Chain/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() FooBar
+func injectFooBar() FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/Cleanup/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	bar, cleanup := injectBar()
@@ -12,14 +14,12 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Foo
 func provideFoo() (*Foo, func()) {
 	foo := new(Foo)
 	*foo = 42
 	return foo, func() { *foo = 0 }
 }
 
-//goose:provide Bar
 func provideBar(foo *Foo) (*Bar, func()) {
 	bar := new(Bar)
 	*bar = 77

internal/goose/testdata/Cleanup/foo/goose.go

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Foo
-//goose:use Bar
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectBar() (*Bar, func())
+func injectBar() (*Bar, func()) {
+	panic(goose.Use(provideFoo, provideBar))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/EmptyVar/foo/foo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println(injectedMessage())
+}
+
+var myFakeSet struct{}

internal/goose/testdata/EmptyVar/foo/goose.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//+build gooseinject
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
+
+func injectedMessage() string {
+	panic(goose.Use(myFakeSet))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/ImportedInterfaceBinding/bar/bar.go

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	_ "foo"
+	"codename/goose"
+	"foo"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -16,11 +17,12 @@ func (b *Bar) Foo() string {
 	return string(*b)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
 func provideBar() *Bar {
 	b := new(Bar)
 	*b = "Hello, World!"
 	return b
 }
 
-//goose:bind provideBar "foo".Fooer *Bar
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideBar,
+	goose.Bind(foo.Fooer(nil), (*Bar)(nil)))

internal/goose/testdata/ImportedInterfaceBinding/bar/goose.go

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 package main
 
-import "foo"
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+	"foo"
+)
 
-//goose:use provideBar
-
-func injectFooer() foo.Fooer
+func injectFooer() foo.Fooer {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/InjectInput/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fmt.Println(injectFooBar(40))
@@ -10,12 +14,14 @@ type Foo int
 type Bar int
 type FooBar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideBar,
+	provideFooBar)
+
 func provideBar() Bar {
 	return 2
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFooBar(foo Foo, bar Bar) FooBar {
 	return FooBar(foo) + FooBar(bar)
 }

internal/goose/testdata/InjectInput/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar(foo Foo) FooBar
+func injectFooBar(foo Foo) FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/InjectInputConflict/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	// I'm on the fence as to whether this should be an error (versus an
@@ -12,12 +16,14 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideFoo,
+	provideBar)
+
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return -888
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideBar(foo Foo) Bar {
 	return 2
 }

internal/goose/testdata/InjectInputConflict/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectBar(foo Foo) Bar
+func injectBar(foo Foo) Bar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/InterfaceBinding/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fmt.Println(injectFooer().Foo())
@@ -16,11 +20,12 @@ func (b *Bar) Foo() string {
 	return string(*b)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
 func provideBar() *Bar {
 	b := new(Bar)
 	*b = "Hello, World!"
 	return b
 }
 
-//goose:bind provideBar Fooer *Bar
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideBar,
+	goose.Bind(Fooer(nil), (*Bar)(nil)))

internal/goose/testdata/InterfaceBinding/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use provideBar
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooer() Fooer
+func injectFooer() Fooer {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/InterfaceBindingReuse/foo/foo.go

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ func (b *Bar) Foo() string {
 	return string(*b)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
-//goose:bind provideBar Fooer *Bar
 func provideBar() *Bar {
 	mu.Lock()
 	provideBarCalls++
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ var (
 	provideBarCalls int
 )
 
-//goose:provide
 func provideFooBar(fooer Fooer, bar *Bar) FooBar {
 	return FooBar{fooer, bar}
 }

internal/goose/testdata/InterfaceBindingReuse/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use provideBar
-//goose:use provideFooBar
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() FooBar
+func injectFooBar() FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(
+		provideBar,
+		provideFooBar,
+		goose.Bind(Fooer(nil), (*Bar)(nil))))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/MissingUse/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "fmt"
-
-func main() {
-	fmt.Println(injectedMessage())
-}
-
-//goose:provide Set
-
-// provideMessage provides a friendly user greeting.
-func provideMessage() string {
-	return "Hello, World!"
-}

internal/goose/testdata/MissingUse/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//+build gooseinject
-
-package main
-
-func injectedMessage() string

internal/goose/testdata/MultiImport/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "fmt"
-
-func main() {
-	fmt.Println(injectFooBar())
-}
-
-type Foo int
-type FooBar int
-
-//goose:provide Foo
-func provideFoo() Foo {
-	return 41
-}
-
-//goose:provide FooBar
-func provideFooBar(foo Foo) FooBar {
-	return FooBar(foo) + 1
-}
-
-//goose:import Set Foo FooBar

internal/goose/testdata/MultiImport/foo/goose.go

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-//+build gooseinject
-
-package main
-
-//goose:use Set
-
-func injectFooBar() FooBar

internal/goose/testdata/MultiImport/out.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-42

internal/goose/testdata/MultiImport/pkg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-foo

internal/goose/testdata/MultiUse/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "fmt"
-
-func main() {
-	fmt.Println(injectFooBar())
-}
-
-type Foo int
-type FooBar int
-
-//goose:provide Foo
-func provideFoo() Foo {
-	return 41
-}
-
-//goose:provide FooBar
-func provideFooBar(foo Foo) FooBar {
-	return FooBar(foo) + 1
-}

internal/goose/testdata/MultiUse/foo/goose.go

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-//+build gooseinject
-
-package main
-
-//goose:use Foo FooBar
-
-func injectFooBar() FooBar

internal/goose/testdata/MultiUse/out.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-42

internal/goose/testdata/MultiUse/pkg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-foo

internal/goose/testdata/NamingWorstCase/foo/foo.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ func main() {
 	fmt.Println(c)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
-
 func provide(ctx stdcontext.Context) (context, error) {
 	return context{}, nil
 }

internal/goose/testdata/NamingWorstCase/foo/goose.go

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	stdcontext "context"
+
+	"codename/goose"
 )
 
-//goose:use provide
-
-func inject(context stdcontext.Context, err struct{}) (context, error)
+func inject(context stdcontext.Context, err struct{}) (context, error) {
+	panic(goose.Use(provide))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/NiladicIdentity/foo/foo.go

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ func main() {
 	fmt.Println(injectedMessage())
 }
 
-//goose:provide
-
 // provideMessage provides a friendly user greeting.
 func provideMessage() string {
 	return "Hello, World!"

internal/goose/testdata/NiladicIdentity/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use provideMessage
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectedMessage() string
+func injectedMessage() string {
+	panic(goose.Use(provideMessage))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/NoImplicitInterface/foo/foo.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ func (b Bar) Foo() string {
 	return string(b)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
 func provideBar() Bar {
 	return "Hello, World!"
 }

internal/goose/testdata/NoImplicitInterface/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use provideBar
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooer() Fooer
+func injectFooer() Fooer {
+	panic(goose.Use(provideBar))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/NoInjectParamNames/foo/foo.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ func main() {
 	fmt.Println(c)
 }
 
-//goose:provide
-
 func provide(ctx stdcontext.Context) (context, error) {
 	return context{}, nil
 }

internal/goose/testdata/NoInjectParamNames/foo/goose.go

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	stdcontext "context"
+
+	"codename/goose"
 )
 
 // The notable characteristic of this test is that there are no
 // parameter names on the inject stub.
 
-//goose:use provide
-
-func inject(stdcontext.Context, struct{}) (context, error)
+func inject(stdcontext.Context, struct{}) (context, error) {
+	panic(goose.Use(provide))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/PartialCleanup/foo/foo.go

@@ -25,14 +25,12 @@ type Foo int
 type Bar int
 type Baz int
 
-//goose:provide Foo
 func provideFoo() (*Foo, func()) {
 	foo := new(Foo)
 	*foo = 42
 	return foo, func() { *foo = 0; cleanedFoo = true }
 }
 
-//goose:provide Bar
 func provideBar(foo *Foo) (*Bar, func(), error) {
 	bar := new(Bar)
 	*bar = 77
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@ func provideBar(foo *Foo) (*Bar, func(), error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-//goose:provide Baz
 func provideBaz(bar *Bar) (Baz, error) {
 	return 0, errors.New("bork!")
 }

internal/goose/testdata/PartialCleanup/foo/goose.go

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Foo
-//goose:use Bar
-//goose:use Baz
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectBaz() (Baz, func(), error)
+func injectBaz() (Baz, func(), error) {
+	panic(goose.Use(provideFoo, provideBar, provideBaz))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/PkgImport/bar/bar.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package bar
 
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Bar
 func ProvideBar() Bar {
 	return 1
 }

internal/goose/testdata/PkgImport/foo/foo.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"bar"
+	"codename/goose"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -13,14 +14,15 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type FooBar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideFoo,
+	bar.ProvideBar,
+	provideFooBar)
+
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return 41
 }
 
-//goose:import Set "bar".Bar
-
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFooBar(foo Foo, barVal bar.Bar) FooBar {
 	return FooBar(foo) + FooBar(barVal)
 }

internal/goose/testdata/PkgImport/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() FooBar
+func injectFooBar() FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/ReturnError/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
-import "errors"
-import "fmt"
-import "strings"
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	foo, err := injectFoo()
@@ -16,7 +20,8 @@ func main() {
 
 type Foo int
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFoo() (Foo, error) {
 	return 42, errors.New("there is no Foo")
 }
+
+var Set = goose.NewSet(provideFoo)

internal/goose/testdata/ReturnError/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFoo() (Foo, error)
+func injectFoo() (Foo, error) {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/Struct/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fb := injectFooBar()
@@ -10,18 +14,20 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
 type FooBar struct {
 	Foo Foo
 	Bar Bar
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return 41
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideBar() Bar {
 	return 1
 }
+
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	FooBar{},
+	provideFoo,
+	provideBar)

internal/goose/testdata/Struct/foo/goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() FooBar
+func injectFooBar() FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/StructPointer/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fb := injectFooBar()
@@ -10,18 +14,20 @@ func main() {
 type Foo int
 type Bar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
 type FooBar struct {
 	Foo Foo
 	Bar Bar
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return 41
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideBar() Bar {
 	return 1
 }
+
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	FooBar{},
+	provideFoo,
+	provideBar)

internal/goose/testdata/StructPointer/foo/goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() *FooBar
+func injectFooBar() *FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/TwoDeps/foo/foo.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
 func main() {
 	fmt.Println(injectFooBar())
@@ -10,17 +14,19 @@ type Foo int
 type Bar int
 type FooBar int
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFoo() Foo {
 	return 40
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideBar() Bar {
 	return 2
 }
 
-//goose:provide Set
 func provideFooBar(foo Foo, bar Bar) FooBar {
 	return FooBar(foo) + FooBar(bar)
 }
+
+var Set = goose.NewSet(
+	provideFoo,
+	provideBar,
+	provideFooBar)

internal/goose/testdata/TwoDeps/foo/foo_goose.go

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 package main
 
-//goose:use Set
+import (
+	"codename/goose"
+)
 
-func injectFooBar() FooBar
+func injectFooBar() FooBar {
+	panic(goose.Use(Set))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/Vendor/foo/goose.go

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	_ "bar"
+	"bar"
+	"codename/goose"
 )
 
-//goose:use "bar".Message
-
-func injectedMessage() string
+func injectedMessage() string {
+	panic(goose.Use(bar.ProvideMessage))
+}

internal/goose/testdata/Vendor/foo/vendor/bar/bar.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Package bar is the vendored copy of bar which contains the real provider.
 package bar
 
-//goose:provide Message
-
 // ProvideMessage provides a friendly user greeting.
 func ProvideMessage() string {
 	return "Hello, World!"